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␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬␈↓ ¬hDecember 1978




␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬␈↓ ε	Proposal to

␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬␈↓ ¬
␈↓∧University of California
␈↓ ↓N␈↓∧␈↓ ∧DLawrence Livermore Laboratory␈↓¬

␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬␈↓ ¬{for design of

␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬␈↓ βe␈↓∧An Operating System for the S-1 Computer␈↓¬


␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬␈↓ βvJohn McCarthy, Professor of Computer Science
␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬␈↓ β9Forest Baskett, Associate Professor of Computer Science
␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬␈↓ ¬∪Co-principal Investigators










␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬␈↓ ε≡Abstract


␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬The␈α
Stanford␈α
Artificial␈α
Intelligence␈α	Laboratory␈α
proposes␈α
to␈α
continue␈α
participation␈α	in
␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬the␈αLawrence␈αLivermore␈αLaboratory␈αprogram␈αfor␈αdevelopment␈αof␈αthe␈αS-1␈αcomputer
␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬system.  This proposal covers a eight-month period beginning 1 February 1979.










␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬␈↓ ∧W␈↓∧Computer Science Department
␈↓ ↓N␈↓∧␈↓ ¬,Stanford University
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ εS-1 Proposal␈↓ b1


␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ β(1.  Summary                                 ␈↓ π∞␈↓α␈↓ 	¬2.  Goals

␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α=Stanford␈α=Arti␈↓βC␈↓cial␈α=Intelligence            ␈↓ π∞␈↓The␈α
main␈α
thrust␈αof␈α
the␈α
proposed␈α
extension␈αis
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Laboratory␈α∞proposes␈α∞to␈α∂continue␈α∞development     ␈↓ π∞␈↓to␈α~develop␈α→suitable␈α~language␈α~designs␈α→and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓work␈α∂on␈α∂the␈α∞S1␈α∂computer␈α∂system,␈α∂as␈α∞planned         ␈↓ π∞␈↓processors␈α
to␈α
be␈α
used␈α
in␈α
the␈α
speci␈↓βC␈↓cation␈αof␈α
the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓in␈α↔our␈α↔proposal␈α↔of␈α↔December␈α↔1977.␈α↔ This           ␈↓ π∞␈↓operating system kernel.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓proposal␈αcovers␈α
the␈αremainder␈α
of␈αFederal␈α
␈↓βC␈↓scal
␈↓ ↓N␈↓year 1979.                                  ␈↓ π∞␈↓The major components of this project are:

␈↓ ↓N␈↓In␈α⊂the␈α∂period␈α⊂April␈α⊂1978␈α∂to␈α⊂the␈α⊂present,␈α∂the        ␈↓ π∞␈↓1)␈α
Complete␈αthe␈α
design␈αof␈α
an␈αextended␈α
version
␈↓ ↓N␈↓following has been accomplished.            ␈↓ π∞␈↓of␈α
the␈α
Pascal␈α
language␈α
to␈α
support␈α
the␈α
systems
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓programming␈α⊂e␈↓β@␈↓ort.␈α⊂ Continue␈α⊂to␈α⊃respond␈α⊂to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α∞1.  Studies leading to the preliminary      ␈↓ π∞␈↓new␈α→situations␈α_which␈α→occur␈α_in␈α→the␈α_actual
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>design of an operating system.              ␈↓ π∞␈↓construction of the operating system.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α∞2.  Support programs have been              ␈↓ π∞␈↓2)␈α⊗Implement␈α∃the␈α⊗extended␈α⊗language␈α∃using
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>developed as follows:                       ␈↓ π∞␈↓exisiting compilers as a basis.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>a.  S1 simulator,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>b.  Cross-assembler for S1 code             ␈↓ π∞␈↓3)␈α⊂Upgrade␈α⊂the␈α⊂exisiting␈α⊂Pascal␈α⊂compilers␈α⊂to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ αnrunning on PDP-10,                          ␈↓ π∞␈↓be␈α_fully␈α↔compatable␈α_with␈α_standard␈α↔Pascal.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>c.  S1 debugger,                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓This␈αis␈αalso␈αrequired␈αto␈αsupport␈α
the␈αoptimizer
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>d.  PDP-10 simulator for S1,                ␈↓ π∞␈↓under construction by Dick Sites.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>e.  AN/UYK-7 simulator,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>f.  Memory diagnostic,                      ␈↓ π∞␈↓4)␈α⊗Upgrade␈α⊗the␈α⊗P-code␈α⊗to␈α↔S-1␈α⊗Translator
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>g.  SUDS capability on the S1 Mark I        ␈↓ π∞␈↓(SOPA)␈α∞to␈α∞support␈α∞full␈α∞and␈α∂extended␈α∞Pascal.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ αnprocessor.                                  ␈↓ π∞␈↓Changes␈αare␈αalso␈αnecessary␈αto␈αconform␈α
to␈αnew
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓schemes being used in the code generator.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α∞3.  A set of numerical rountines has been
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>written for the S1 (SQRT, SIN, COS,         ␈↓ π∞␈↓5)␈α∪Implement␈α∀intermodule␈α∪type␈α∀checking,␈α∪so
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>ATAN, LOG, EXP).                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓that␈αPascal␈αand␈αextended␈αPascal␈αprograms␈α
can
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓be␈α
separately␈α
compiled␈α
by␈α
modules.␈α
 This␈αwill
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α∞4.  Detailed design and layout of the       ␈↓ π∞␈↓involve␈αeither␈αupgrading␈αthe␈αcurrent␈αlinker␈αor
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>memory switch is well underway.  At         ␈↓ π∞␈↓inserting␈α≠a␈α≠prelinker␈α≠pass␈α≠to␈α≠check␈α≠type
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>this writing, all data paths and about      ␈↓ π∞␈↓compatability.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>90% of the control logic have been
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>designed.  Diagnostic hardware
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>design is just beginning and physical
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>layout is yet to be done.                   ␈↓ π∞␈↓α␈↓ λ`3.  Work Plan

␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α∞5.  Assistance has been provided in other   ␈↓ π∞␈↓α␈↓ π!3.1  Programming Language Development
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>S1 hardware design, mainly the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>memory interface for the Mark I             ␈↓ π∞␈↓The␈α∞programming␈α∂language␈α∞design␈α∂work␈α∞will
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ α>processor.                                  ␈↓ π∞␈↓go␈α∩on␈α∩largely␈α∪in␈α∩parallel.␈α∩ The␈α∩␈↓βC␈↓rst␈α∪step␈α∩of
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓specifying␈α~the␈α≠Extended␈α~Pascal␈α≠has␈α~been
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Professor␈α
Forest␈α
Baskett␈α
has␈α
joined␈α
the␈α
project   ␈↓ π∞␈↓partially␈α_completed;␈α_implementation␈α_of␈α↔this
␈↓ ↓N␈↓as␈α*Co-principal␈α*Investigator␈α*and␈α)will           ␈↓ π∞␈↓design␈α∪is␈α∪expected␈α∪to␈α∪start␈α∪very␈α∪shortly.␈α∩ A
␈↓ ↓N␈↓coordinate␈α)all␈α)project␈α)software␈α(e␈↓β@␈↓orts.         ␈↓ π∞␈↓preliminary␈α,version␈α,of␈α,the␈α+Extended
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Professor␈α⊃John␈α⊃Hennessy␈α⊃has␈α⊃also␈α⊃joined␈α⊂in        ␈↓ π∞␈↓Language␈α⊃will␈α⊂be␈α⊃available␈α⊂by␈α⊃July␈α⊃1,␈α⊂1979,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓this␈αe␈↓β@␈↓ort.␈α
 See␈αAppendix␈αA␈α
for␈αmore␈αon␈α
their       ␈↓ π∞␈↓and␈α∂the␈α∂␈↓βC␈↓nal␈α∂version␈α∞of␈α∂the␈α∂compiler␈α∂will␈α∞be
␈↓ ↓N␈↓current research interests.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ εS-1 Proposal␈↓ `2


␈↓ ↓N␈↓delivered␈α∨by␈α September␈α∨30,␈α 1979.␈α∨ The            ␈↓ π∞␈↓α␈↓ λkAppendix A 
␈↓ ↓N␈↓upgrade␈αof␈αthe␈αlanguage␈αprocessors␈α
for␈αPascal     ␈↓ π∞␈↓α␈↓ λ⎇Personnel 
␈↓ ↓N␈↓will␈α⊂occur␈α∂in␈α⊂parallel␈α∂with␈α⊂the␈α⊂new␈α∂language
␈↓ ↓N␈↓implementation.␈α∀ A␈α∀complete␈α∪implementation
␈↓ ↓N␈↓for␈α
Pascal␈α∞will␈α
be␈α∞available␈α
by␈α∞September␈α
30,      ␈↓ π∞␈↓While␈α⊃the␈α⊃primary␈α⊃interests␈α⊃of␈α∩the␈α⊃Stanford
␈↓ ↓N␈↓1979.␈α" Partially␈α"complete␈α!implementations      ␈↓ π∞␈↓Arti␈↓βC␈↓cial␈αIntelligence␈αLaboratory␈αhave␈αbeen␈αin
␈↓ ↓N␈↓which␈αomit␈αsegments␈αsuch␈αas␈α␈↓βC␈↓les␈α
and␈αpassing       ␈↓ π∞␈↓arti␈↓βC␈↓cial␈α∪intelligence,␈α∪mathematical␈α∀theory␈α∪of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓of␈α∞procedures␈α∞as␈α∞parameters␈α∞will␈α∞be␈α
available     ␈↓ π∞␈↓computation,␈α
and␈α
related␈α
theoretical␈αproblems,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓earlier␈α∩(early␈α⊃Summer).␈α∩ The␈α∩modi␈↓βC␈↓cation␈α⊃to      ␈↓ π∞␈↓certain␈α
members␈α
of␈α∞the␈α
SAIL␈α
sta␈↓β@␈↓␈α∞have␈α
been
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Pascal␈α∃and␈α∃the␈α⊗upgrade␈α∃to␈α∃provide␈α⊗a␈α∃full           ␈↓ π∞␈↓involved␈α⊂for␈α∂many␈α⊂years␈α∂in␈α⊂the␈α∂development
␈↓ ↓N␈↓compiler␈α∩will␈α∪require␈α∩additional␈α∪support␈α∩for     ␈↓ π∞␈↓of␈α4timesharing␈α4systems,␈α4programming
␈↓ ↓N␈↓the␈α)P-code␈α)to␈α)S-1␈α)translator.␈α( Also,             ␈↓ π∞␈↓languages,␈α∂and␈α∂interactive␈α∂facilities.␈α∂ Some␈α∂of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓implementation␈α≠of␈α≤the␈α≠P-code␈α≤to␈α≠P-code           ␈↓ π∞␈↓these activities are outlined below.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓optimizer␈α∨by␈α≡Richard␈α∨Sites␈α∨will␈α≡require
␈↓ ↓N␈↓changes␈α∂to␈α∂the␈α∂compilers␈α∂in␈α∂order␈α∂to␈α∂support       ␈↓ π∞␈↓The␈αconcept␈αof␈αa␈αgeneral␈αpurpose␈αtimesharing
␈↓ ↓N␈↓the␈α
optimizer.␈α These␈α
changes␈αwill␈α
be␈α
done␈αas      ␈↓ π∞␈↓system␈α∂was␈α∂␈↓βC␈↓rst␈α∞proposed␈α∂by␈α∂John␈α∞McCarthy
␈↓ ↓N␈↓they␈α6appear␈α6during␈α7the␈α6optimizer                ␈↓ π∞␈↓when␈α∞he␈α∞was␈α∞at␈α
MIT␈α∞[2].␈α∞ That␈α∞proposal␈α
led
␈↓ ↓N␈↓development.                                ␈↓ π∞␈↓to␈αthe␈αpioneering␈αsystems␈αdeveloped␈αin␈αProject
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓MAC.␈α↔ McCarthy␈α_also␈α↔participated␈α_in␈α↔the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Lastly,␈α⊃in␈α⊃order␈α⊃to␈α⊃e␈↓β@␈↓ectively␈α⊃compile␈α⊂multi-     ␈↓ π∞␈↓development␈αof␈αan␈αearly␈αtimesharing␈αsystem␈αat
␈↓ ↓N␈↓module␈α⊃programs,␈α⊃intermodule␈α⊃type␈α⊃checking      ␈↓ π∞␈↓BBN [3].
␈↓ ↓N␈↓must␈α∂be␈α∂supported.␈α∂ At␈α∂the␈α∂present␈α⊂time␈α∂this
␈↓ ↓N␈↓problem␈α∩has␈α∩received␈α∩only␈α∪cursory␈α∩addition.      ␈↓ π∞␈↓Shortly␈α∀after␈α∀arriving␈α∀at␈α∀Stanford␈α∀in␈α∀1962,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α⊗␈↓βC␈↓rst␈α⊗step␈α⊗is␈α⊗to␈α⊗specify␈α⊗a␈α↔method␈α⊗for            ␈↓ π∞␈↓McCarthy␈α∂undertook␈α⊂the␈α∂development␈α⊂of␈α∂the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓accomplishing␈α∀the␈α∪type␈α∀checking.␈α∀ This␈α∪will      ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓βC␈↓rst␈α∪display-oriented␈α∪timesharing␈α∪system␈α∪[4],
␈↓ ↓N␈↓result␈α%in␈α%a␈α$proposed␈α%design␈α%for␈α$the               ␈↓ π∞␈↓based␈α
on␈αa␈α
PDP-1␈αcomputer␈α
with␈α
12␈αdisplays
␈↓ ↓N␈↓intermodule␈α⊗type␈α⊗checker␈α⊗by␈α⊗July␈α↔1,␈α⊗1979.         ␈↓ π∞␈↓and␈α∪a␈α∪link␈α∪to␈α∩an␈α∪IBM␈α∪7090.␈α∪ One␈α∩notable
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α∀implementation␈α∪will␈α∀then␈α∀proceed,␈α∪and        ␈↓ π∞␈↓accomplishment␈α∨of␈α∨this␈α∨project␈α∨was␈α∨the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓reach completion on September 30, 1979.     ␈↓ π∞␈↓development␈α#of␈α#a␈α#"page␈α#editor"␈α"called
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓TVEDIT␈α∃that␈α∃exploited␈α∃the␈α∃capabilities␈α∀of
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓displays␈α≡in␈α≡text␈α≡editing.␈α≡ This␈α≡was␈α≥the
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓forerunner␈α∪of␈α∪screen␈α∀editors␈α∪now␈α∪in␈α∀use␈α∪at
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓SAIL␈α∪and␈α∩in␈α∪a␈α∩number␈α∪of␈α∪other␈α∩advanced
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓timesharing systems.

                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓When␈α!the␈α!SAIL␈α!computer␈α!facility␈α was
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓assembled␈α∪in␈α∀1966,␈α∪the␈α∀sta␈↓β@␈↓␈α∪of␈α∀the␈α∪PDP-1
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓timesharing␈αproject␈αbecame␈αthe␈αnucleus␈αof␈αthe
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓computer␈α system␈α∨sta␈↓β@␈↓␈α that␈α developed␈α∨a
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓display-oriented␈α⊗system␈α↔on␈α⊗a␈α↔DEC␈α⊗PDP-6
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓computer␈α∃initially␈α∃and␈α∃later␈α∃on␈α∃KA10␈α∀and
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓KL10␈α→processors.␈α→ There␈α→are␈α→currently␈α→70
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓display␈αterminals␈α
connected␈αto␈α
the␈αsystem,␈α
most
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓of␈α⊃them␈α⊃with␈α∩full␈α⊃graphics␈α⊃capability␈α∩[5,␈α⊃6].
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓There␈α∪is␈α∪also␈α∪a␈α∪connection␈α∪to␈α∪the␈α∩Arpanet,
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓permitting␈α$remote␈α$access␈α$to␈α$and␈α#from
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓hundreds␈α~of␈α~other␈α~computers␈α~around␈α~the
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓world.␈α
 In␈α∞addition␈α
to␈α∞providing␈α
conventional
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓timesharing␈α∨services,␈α∨this␈α∨system␈α∨handles
␈↓ ↓N␈↓αAppendix A␈↓ ε≥Personnel␈↓ `3


␈↓ ↓N␈↓realtime␈α≠control␈α≤of␈α≠mechanical␈α≤arms␈α≠and          ␈↓ π∞␈↓carry␈α⊃out␈α⊃the␈α⊃proposed␈α⊃work␈α⊃are␈α∩as␈α⊃follows.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓television␈α⊂cameras,␈α⊂in␈α⊂support␈α⊂of␈α⊃research␈α⊂in     ␈↓ π∞␈↓John␈α_McCarthy,␈α↔who␈α_will␈α_provide␈α↔overall
␈↓ ↓N␈↓automatic␈α∂mechanical␈α∂assembly␈α∂and␈α∞computer      ␈↓ π∞␈↓direction␈α⊗of␈α⊗the␈α⊗project,␈α⊗is␈α⊗a␈α⊗Professor␈α∃of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓vision [7].                                 ␈↓ π∞␈↓Computer␈α
Science␈α∞and␈α
Director␈α
of␈α∞SAIL.␈α
 He
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓has␈α∂26␈α∂years␈α∞experience␈α∂as␈α∂a␈α∂faculty␈α∞member
␈↓ ↓N␈↓In␈α∩the␈α∩period␈α∩1970-73,␈α∩SAIL␈α∩sta␈↓β@␈↓␈α∩members          ␈↓ π∞␈↓at␈α∩a␈α∩number␈α∩of␈α∩major␈α∩universities␈α∩and␈α∩has
␈↓ ↓N␈↓designed␈α∀a␈α∀high␈α∀speed␈α∀processor␈α∀known␈α∀as          ␈↓ π∞␈↓been␈α a␈α principal␈α innovator␈α!in␈α arti␈↓βC␈↓cial
␈↓ ↓N␈↓"Super␈α≥Foonly",␈α≡which␈α≥featured␈α≡a␈α≥cache           ␈↓ π∞␈↓intelligence,␈α<mathematical␈α=theory␈α<of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓memory,␈α≤user-accessible␈α≤microcode,␈α≥and␈α≤a        ␈↓ π∞␈↓computation, and timesharing systems.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓"console␈α∨computer"␈α∨(a␈α∨minicomputer␈α≡that
␈↓ ↓N␈↓monitors␈α~the␈α→main␈α~processor).␈α~ The␈α→latter        ␈↓ π∞␈↓Les␈α↔Earnest,␈α↔who␈α↔is␈α↔Associate␈α↔Director␈α⊗of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓innovation␈α→has␈α→since␈α→been␈α→included␈α~in␈α→a           ␈↓ π∞␈↓SAIL,␈α
will␈α
handle␈α
much␈α
of␈α
the␈αmanagement␈α
of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓number␈α
of␈α
other␈α
machines,␈α
including␈α
the␈αS-1.      ␈↓ π∞␈↓the␈α∩project.␈α∩ He␈α⊃has␈α∩24␈α∩years␈α∩experience␈α⊃in
␈↓ ↓N␈↓After␈α∂the␈α∞design␈α∂was␈α∞completed,␈α∂it␈α∂was␈α∞made        ␈↓ π∞␈↓programming,␈α_computer␈α_system␈α_design␈α↔and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓available␈α∩to␈α∩Digital␈α∩Equipment␈α∩Corporation,     ␈↓ π∞␈↓technical management.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓which␈α used␈α it␈α!as␈α the␈α basis␈α!for␈α their
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Decsystem/10␈α!and␈α"Decsystem/20␈α!computer         ␈↓ π∞␈↓Forest␈αBaskett␈αhas␈αbeen␈αinvolved␈αin␈αoperating
␈↓ ↓N␈↓systems.␈α⊃ The␈α⊃KL10␈α⊃processor␈α⊃now␈α∩at␈α⊃SAIL          ␈↓ π∞␈↓system␈α∃design␈α∃and␈α∃development␈α∃since␈α∀1962.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓was␈α
donated␈αby␈α
DEC␈α
out␈αof␈α
gratitude␈α
for␈αthe         ␈↓ π∞␈↓He␈α_worked␈α_with␈α_the␈α_Rice␈α→Computer␈α_and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓design contribution.                        ␈↓ π∞␈↓developed␈α≥parts␈α≤of␈α≥the␈α≥Codeword␈α≤based
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓operating␈α⊗system␈α⊗for␈α∃that␈α⊗computer␈α⊗in␈α∃the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Another␈α
important␈α
outgrowth␈α
of␈α
this␈α
computer     ␈↓ π∞␈↓early '60s.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓design␈αproject␈αwas␈αa␈αdesign␈αautomation␈αsystem
␈↓ ↓N␈↓known␈α"as␈α#SUDS␈α"[8],␈α#which␈α"combined                ␈↓ π∞␈↓He␈α∩was␈α∪one␈α∩of␈α∪the␈α∩principal␈α∪designers␈α∩and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓interactive␈α"drawing␈α"facilities␈α#with␈α"other       ␈↓ π∞␈↓implementers␈α⊂of␈α⊂one␈α⊂of␈α⊂the␈α⊂earliest␈α⊂and␈α⊂best
␈↓ ↓N␈↓computer-aided␈αdesign␈αservices.␈α This␈αwas␈αthe    ␈↓ π∞␈↓time-sharing␈α
systems␈α∞on␈α
CDC␈α
6600's,␈α∞the␈α
UT
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓βC␈↓rst␈αsystem␈αthat␈αpermitted␈αa␈αdesigner,␈αworking    ␈↓ π∞␈↓operating␈α⊂system␈α⊂at␈α∂the␈α⊂University␈α⊂of␈α∂Texas.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓through␈α~a␈α→display␈α~terminal,␈α~to␈α→completely        ␈↓ π∞␈↓He␈α∞was␈α∞the␈α∞principal␈α∞designer␈α∞of␈α∞DEMOS,␈α∞a
␈↓ ↓N␈↓design␈α≡complex␈α≡digital␈α≡devices,␈α≥including       ␈↓ π∞␈↓modern␈α!kernel␈α!based,␈α!process␈α!structured
␈↓ ↓N␈↓printed␈α⊂circuit␈α⊂boards␈α⊂and␈α⊂backpanel␈α∂wiring.     ␈↓ π∞␈↓operating␈α∩system␈α∩for␈α∩the␈α∩CRAY-1.␈α∪ He␈α∩has
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α
system␈α
automatically␈α
produces␈α
artwork␈α
for    ␈↓ π∞␈↓published␈α~numerous␈α~papers␈α~on␈α→computing
␈↓ ↓N␈↓PC␈α∪boards␈α∪and␈α∪control␈α∪tapes␈α∪for␈α∪automatic         ␈↓ π∞␈↓system design and development.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓wiring␈α∃machines.␈α∀ SUDS␈α∃has␈α∀been␈α∃used␈α∀to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓design␈α∂␈↓βC␈↓ve␈α∞large␈α∂computers␈α∞so␈α∂far,␈α∞as␈α∂well␈α∞as       ␈↓ π∞␈↓Professor␈α∪John␈α∪Hennessy's␈α∪research␈α∩interests
␈↓ ↓N␈↓countless␈α∞other␈α∞digital␈α∞devices.␈α∞ It␈α∞is␈α∞currently ␈↓ π∞␈↓include␈α_programming␈α↔language␈α_design␈α↔and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓in␈α⊃use␈α∩at␈α⊃MIT,␈α∩Carnegie-Mellon␈α⊃University,       ␈↓ π∞␈↓implementation,␈α
operating␈α
systems␈α
design,␈αand
␈↓ ↓N␈↓and␈α∀Digital␈α∪Equipment␈α∀Corporation,␈α∪among        ␈↓ π∞␈↓distributed␈α*systems.␈α* In␈α*the␈α*area␈α*of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓other␈α⊗places,␈α⊗and␈α⊗is␈α⊗the␈α⊗basis␈α⊗of␈α⊗the␈α∃S-1           ␈↓ π∞␈↓programming␈α(language␈α(design␈α)he␈α(has
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Design System.                              ␈↓ π∞␈↓designed␈α⊃a␈α⊃real-time␈α⊃programming␈α⊃language,
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓providing␈α_support␈α↔for␈α_stand-alone␈α↔systems.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Other␈α∂interests␈α∞of␈α∂the␈α∞SAIL␈α∂sta␈↓β@␈↓␈α∂include␈α∞the       ␈↓ π∞␈↓Recently,␈α⊂under␈α⊂S-1␈α∂funding,␈α⊂he␈α⊂has␈α∂worked
␈↓ ↓N␈↓development␈α≠of␈α≠assemblers␈α≠[9],␈α≠the␈α≠LISP          ␈↓ π∞␈↓on␈α≡the␈α≡design␈α≡of␈α≡an␈α≡extension␈α≡of␈α≥the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓family␈αof␈αprogramming␈αlanguages␈αand␈αsystems      ␈↓ π∞␈↓programming␈α≠language␈α≠Pascal,␈α≤to␈α≠support
␈↓ ↓N␈↓[10,␈α
11,␈α∞12],␈α
the␈α∞SAIL␈α
language␈α∞and␈α
compiler       ␈↓ π∞␈↓systems␈αprogramming␈αon␈α
the␈αS-1.␈α He␈αhas␈α
also
␈↓ ↓N␈↓[13],␈α
text␈α
editors␈α
[14,␈α
15],␈αinteractive␈α
debuggers␈↓ π∞␈↓been␈α
involved␈α
in␈α
the␈α
design␈α
and␈αmaintenance
␈↓ ↓N␈↓[16],␈α⊃document␈α⊂compilers␈α⊃[17],␈α⊃and␈α⊂computer      ␈↓ π∞␈↓of␈α↔two␈α↔Pascal␈α↔compilers.␈α↔ Currently,␈α↔he␈α↔is
␈↓ ↓N␈↓communication systems [18].                 ␈↓ π∞␈↓initiating␈α⊃work␈α∩on␈α⊃the␈α⊃problems␈α∩of␈α⊃software
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓portability␈αand␈αinteractive␈αhigh␈αlevel␈αlanguage
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α
backgrounds␈α
of␈α
the␈α
individuals␈α
who␈α
will       ␈↓ π∞␈↓debuggers.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓αAppendix A␈↓ ε≥Personnel␈↓ ]4


␈↓ ↓N␈↓Professor␈α
Hennessy␈αis␈α
also␈αconducting␈α
research   ␈↓ π∞␈↓[8]    Richard Helliwell, ␈↓αStanford Drawing
␈↓ ↓N␈↓on␈α∞the␈α
topic␈α∞of␈α
distributed␈α∞computing␈α∞and␈α
its      ␈↓ π∞␈↓α␈↓ π>Program␈↓, SAIL Program Note, 1971.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓incorporation␈α∩into␈α∩a␈α∪programming␈α∩language.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓This␈αresearch␈αis␈αbased␈αon␈αthe␈αincorporation␈α
of     ␈↓ π∞␈↓[9]    Fred Wright and Ralph Gorin, ␈↓αFAIL␈↓,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓message␈α5passing␈α5and␈α5synchronization            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π>Stanford AI Memo AIM-226, April 1974.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓capabilities␈α∂into␈α⊂a␈α∂standard␈α⊂process␈α∂structure.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈αgoal␈αis␈αto␈αprovide␈αsimple␈αtools␈αto␈αsupport      ␈↓ π∞␈↓[10]    John McCarthy, ␈↓αRecursive Functions
␈↓ ↓N␈↓the␈α&construction␈α&of␈α&reliable␈α&distributed        ␈↓ π∞␈↓α␈↓ π>of Symbolic Expressions␈↓, ␈↓↓Communications
␈↓ ↓N␈↓software␈αsystems.␈α
 This␈αis␈α
important␈αto␈αthe␈α
S-1    ␈↓ π∞␈↓↓␈↓ π>of the ACM␈↓, April 1960.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓project,␈α∪since␈α∪it␈α∪is␈α∪reasonable␈α∪to␈α∪consider␈α∩a
␈↓ ↓N␈↓message␈α⊃passing␈α⊃system␈α⊃within␈α⊃the␈α⊂operating      ␈↓ π∞␈↓[11]    John McCarthy, ␈↓↓et al, LISP 1.5
␈↓ ↓N␈↓system, as well as available to the users.  ␈↓ π∞␈↓↓␈↓ π>Programmer's Manual,␈↓, MIT Press, 1962.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ β5References                                  ␈↓ π∞␈↓[12]    David C. Smith, ␈↓αMLISP User's
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓α␈↓ π>Manual␈↓, Stanford AI Memo AIM-84,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓[1]    Tom McWilliams and Curt Widdoes,     ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π>January 1969.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}␈↓αThe S-1 Memory Interface␈↓, October 3,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}1977.                                       ␈↓ π∞␈↓[13]    John Reiser (ed.), ␈↓αSAIL␈↓, Stanford AI
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π>Memo AIM-289, August 1976.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓[2]    John McCarthy, ␈↓αA Time Sharing
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ ↓}Operator Program for our Projected IBM      ␈↓ π∞␈↓[14]    William Weiher and Steve Savitzky,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ ↓}709␈↓, memo to P. M. Morse, MIT, January      ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π>␈↓αSon of Stopgap␈↓, SAILON-50.3, October
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}1, 1959.                                    ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π>1970.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓[3]    John McCarthy, S. Boilen, E. Fredkin,␈↓ π∞␈↓[15]    Arthur Samuel and Martin Frost, ␈↓αE
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}J.C.R. Licklider, ␈↓αA Time-sharing            ␈↓ π∞␈↓α␈↓ π>Text Editor␈↓, Program Note, December
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ ↓}Debugging System for a Small                ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π>1977.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ ↓}Computer␈↓, ␈↓↓Proc. AFIP Conf.␈↓ (SJCC), Vol.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}23, 1963.                                   ␈↓ π∞␈↓[16]    Phil Petit, ␈↓αRAID␈↓, SAILON-58.1,
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π>February 1970.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓[4]    John McCarthy, D. Brian, G. Feldman,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}J. Allen, ␈↓αTHOR ␈↓␈↓βe␈↓␈↓α A Display Based            ␈↓ π∞␈↓[17]    Larry Tesler, ␈↓αPUB, the Document
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ ↓}Time-sharing System␈↓, ␈↓↓Proc. AFIPS Conf.␈↓      ␈↓ π∞␈↓α␈↓ π>Compiler␈↓, SAILON-70, September 1970.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}(FJCC), Vol. 30, Thompson, Washington,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}D.C., 1967.                                 ␈↓ π∞␈↓[18]    John McCarthy and Les Earnest,
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π>␈↓αDIALNET and the Home Terminal␈↓, ␈↓↓Proc.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓[5]    Brian Harvey and Martin Frost,       ␈↓ π∞␈↓↓␈↓ π>Computer Faire␈↓, San Francisco, 1977.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}␈↓αMonitor Command Manual␈↓, SAILON-
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}54.5, January 1976.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓[6]    McCarthy, John, Lester Earnest, D. Raj.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}Reddy, Pierre Vicens, ␈↓αA Computer with
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ ↓}Hands, Eyes, and Ears␈↓, ␈↓↓Proc. AFIPS Conf.␈↓
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}(FJCC), 1968.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓[7]    Martin Frost, ␈↓αUUO Manual␈↓, SAILON-
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓}55.5, October 1977.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ ε↑␈↓ ←5


␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ β,Appendix B 
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ ↓bData Communications Equipment Needed 


␈↓ ↓N␈↓In␈α≤order␈α≥to␈α≤maximize␈α≤the␈α≥e␈↓β@␈↓iciency␈α≤ of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓performance␈αof␈αthe␈αproposed␈α work,␈αit␈αwill␈α be
␈↓ ↓N␈↓necessary␈α% to␈α% supplement␈α% the␈α% present
␈↓ ↓N␈↓complement␈α1 of␈α2 data␈α1communications
␈↓ ↓N␈↓available,␈α_in␈α_ the␈α_amount␈α_of␈α_ 3␈α↔moderate
␈↓ ↓N␈↓bandwidth␈α= display␈α>terminals␈α= (e.g.,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Datamedia␈α∨  2500s)␈α∨  with␈α∨  built-in␈α∨  or
␈↓ ↓N␈↓associated␈α∀split-baud-rate␈α∃ modems␈α∀ suitable
␈↓ ↓N␈↓for␈α# use␈α# with␈α#  existing␈α# SAIL␈α"  data
␈↓ ↓N␈↓communications␈α≠equipment,␈α~ and␈α≠2␈α~ auto-
␈↓ ↓N␈↓answer␈α5split-baud-rate␈α6 modems␈α5 for
␈↓ ↓N␈↓interfacing␈α→to␈α→the␈α→SAIL␈α~computer␈α→system.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓This␈α0set␈α0of␈α0remote␈α0data␈α/terminal
␈↓ ↓N␈↓communications␈α∀gear␈α∀will␈α∀permit␈α∪substantial
␈↓ ↓N␈↓portions␈α
of␈α
the␈α
proposed␈α
 work␈α
to␈αbe␈α
 executed
␈↓ ↓N␈↓on␈α≠ the␈α~ Stanford␈α≠campus,␈α≠ remote␈α~ from
␈↓ ↓N␈↓SAIL,␈α⊂ and␈α∂ will␈α⊂therefore␈α⊂markedly␈α∂increase
␈↓ ↓N␈↓the␈α∞average␈α∞work␈α∞ e␈↓β@␈↓iciency␈α∞of␈α∞the␈α∞ proposed
␈↓ ↓N␈↓research␈α≠through␈α≠reduction␈α≤of␈α≠commuting
␈↓ ↓N␈↓overhead.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓Provision␈αof␈αthese␈αitems␈αon␈αloan␈αfrom␈αLLL␈αto
␈↓ ↓N␈↓SAIL␈α
for␈α
the␈α
duration␈α
of␈α
 the␈α
proposed␈αwork
␈↓ ↓N␈↓is␈α⊂ proposed,␈α⊂as␈α⊂it␈α⊂ is␈α⊂understood␈α⊃that␈α⊂ these
␈↓ ↓N␈↓items␈α∂may␈α∂ be␈α∂available␈α∂at␈α∂LLL␈α∂in␈α∂excess␈α∞of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓present␈α∞LLL␈α∞needs;␈α∞if␈α∞this␈α∂loan␈α∞ arrangement
␈↓ ↓N␈↓is␈α↔less␈α⊗preferable␈α↔to␈α⊗LLL␈α↔than␈α⊗equipment
␈↓ ↓N␈↓purchase␈α≠by␈α≠SAIL,␈α≠the␈α≠Budget␈α≤ for␈α≠the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓proposed␈α∞work␈α∞should␈α
be␈α∞incremented␈α∞ by␈α
an
␈↓ ↓N␈↓$8,400␈α∃item␈α∃for␈α∃"Permanent␈α⊗Equipment"␈α∃to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓cover the purchase cost of these equipments.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ ε↑␈↓ `6


␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ β+Appendix C                                  ␈↓ π∞␈↓      h. Support Personnel:
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ βOBudget 
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓         (1) Secretary (75%) ␈↓ 
Z6.0␈↓ 
} ␈↓ ,5,892

␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓qEight months beginning 1 February 1979      ␈↓ π∞␈↓         (2) Elect. Tech. (25%) ␈↓ 
Z2.0␈↓ 
} ␈↓ ,2,799
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ _______
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ∧d␈↓αPerson␈↓ ¬>                                      ␈↓ π∞␈↓      Total Salaries & Wages ␈↓ ≥71,776
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ ∧ZMonths␈↓ ¬>
␈↓ ↓N␈↓αA. Salaries and Wages␈↓                       ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓αB. Sta␈↓␈↓β`␈↓␈↓α Bene␈↓␈↓βc␈↓␈↓αts␈↓ ␈↓ ≥14,183
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓     19.5% till 1 Sept.'79,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓   1. Senior Personnel:                     ␈↓ π∞␈↓     21.6% thereafter

␈↓ ↓N␈↓      a. John McCarthy ␈↓ ¬~0.6␈↓ ¬> ␈↓ ¬l2,217            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓αC. Travel␈↓ (domestic) ␈↓ ,3,000
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         Prof. of Computer Science
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         5% acad. yr., 10% summer           ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓αD. Other direct costs ␈↓ ␈↓ ,7,000
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓     (e.g. telephone, publications,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓      b. Forest Baskett ␈↓ ¬~2.5␈↓ ¬> ␈↓ ¬l6,537           ␈↓ π∞␈↓     o␈↓α␈↓β@␈↓α␈↓ice supplies, copying,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         Assoc. Prof. of C.S. & E.E.        ␈↓ π∞␈↓     postage, computer repair services)
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         25% acad. yr., 40% sum.
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓αE. Indirect Costs␈↓ ␈↓ ≥55,656
␈↓ ↓N␈↓      c. Lester Earnest ␈↓ ¬~0.8␈↓ ¬> ␈↓ ¬l2,671           ␈↓ π∞␈↓     (58% of A thru D)
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         Senior Research Associate
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         10%                                ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ _______
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓αG. Total Costs ␈↓ _151,615
␈↓ ↓N␈↓   2. Other Personnel (full time except
␈↓ ↓N␈↓      where speci␈↓α␈↓βC␈↓α␈↓ed otherwise):

␈↓ ↓N␈↓      a. John Hennessey ␈↓ ¬~2.2␈↓ ¬> ␈↓ ¬l4,375
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         Asst. Prof. of E.E.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         20% acad. yr., 40% sum.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓      b. Arthur Samuel ␈↓ ¬~4.0␈↓ ¬> ␈↓ ¬]12,276
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         Adjunct Prof. of C.S.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         50%

␈↓ ↓N␈↓      c. Martin Frost ␈↓ ¬~2.0␈↓ ¬> ␈↓ ¬l3,683
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         Systems Programmer
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         25%

␈↓ ↓N␈↓      d. Mark Lebrun ␈↓ ¬~8.0␈↓ ¬> ␈↓ ¬]12,276
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         Systems Programmer

␈↓ ↓N␈↓      e. Armando Rodriguez ␈↓ ¬~8.0␈↓ ¬> ␈↓ ¬]10,901
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         Systems Programmer

␈↓ ↓N␈↓      f. Hilding Elmquist ␈↓ ¬~2.0␈↓ ¬> ␈↓ ¬l2,455
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         Systems Programmer, 25%

␈↓ ↓N␈↓      g. Student Res. Assist. ␈↓ ¬~5.5␈↓ ¬> ␈↓ ¬l5,694
␈↓ ↓N␈↓         50% acad. yr., 100% sum.